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Tsung-Ling Lee Professor of Law
  • Job title: Professor of Law
  • Name: Tsung-Ling Lee
  • Email: tl265265@tmu.edu.tw
  • Phone: 02-6620-2589#10508

Short Biography 

Tsung-Ling Lee is Professor of Law at the Graduate Institute of Health and Biotechnology Law, Taipei Medical University in Taiwan. Tsung-Ling's research develops human-rights-grounded legal frameworks for global health governance and emerging technologies. She examines how international institutions and domestic legal systems exercise public authority under crisis conditions, and how law can make cooperation, technocratic governance, and data-driven innovation accountable to equity and the right to health. This agenda spans work on the International Health Regulations and WHO rulemaking, Taiwan’s legal preparedness and judicial oversight during Covid-19, and the governance of AI, health data, and emerging biotechnologies 

As a trained lawyer, Tsung-Ling has advised governments on public health policies, particularly in tobacco control and international infectious disease control. She is a full member of the Global Health Law Consortium—an international collaborative reserach group consist of leading health law faculty and emerging health law scholars around the world—and an attorney of law (New York State, 2014). From 2019–2024, Tsung-Ling served as a MOST Young Scholar Fellow, recognized for her scholarly contributions to the field of law. From 2025-2026, she is also a Visiting Professor at TLS, Faculty of Law, University of Groningen. 

Appointments 

  • Taipei Medical University, Graduate Institute of Health and Biotechnology Law, Professor of Law 
    (2025. Feb—)

  • Taipei Medical University, Graduate Institute of Health and Biotechnology Law, Associate Professor of Law (2019.01—2021.07) 

  • Taipei Medical University, Graduate Institute of Health and Biotechnology Law, Assistant Professor of Law (2019.01—2021.07) 

Highest Academic Degree 

Georgetown University Law Center,  Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) 


Areas of Expertise 

Public International law 
Global Health Law and Governance 
Health Law and Ethics 
Law and Technology
Law and Society 

Selected Publications

I. Articles 

  1. Lee, T.-L., and Villarreal, P. A. “Global Health Law: Pandemic Resilience through a Rules-Based International Health Cooperation?” AJIL Unbound (forthcoming March 2026).
  2. Lee, T.-L., and Lee, C.-L. “Temporal Accountability and Taiwan’s National Health Insurance System.” Health and Human Rights 27(2) (Dec 2025): 107–120. (SSCI; JIF 2.5; rank 39%)
  3. Lee, T.-L., and Lee, Y.-L. “Maintaining the Right to Health: A Democratic Process in Taiwan.” Health and Human Rights 27(1) (Jun 2025): 125–128. (Fight for Rights Series). (SSCI; JIF 2.5; rank 39%)
  4. Lee, T.-L., Sekalala, S., and Villarreal, P. “AI and Data Surveillance: Embedding a Human Rights-Based Approach.” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 53 (2025): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.17. (Invited Contribution). (SCI; JIF 1.6; rank 39%)
  5. Lee, T.-L. “Digital Health Governance: ASEAN and the Three Narratives of Digital (In)justice.” European Journal of Legal Studies 16 (Special Issue) (2025): 101–159. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/78044. (Peer reviewed)
  6. Lee, T.-L. Review of Global Health Law & Policy: Ensuring Justice for a Healthier World, eds. L. O. Gostin and B. M. Meier (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2024). Asian Journal of International Law 15(1) (2025) (forthcoming).
  7. Lee, T.-L. “Pandemic Accord, Digital Health Literacy, and Human Rights in the Era of Infodemic.” Asian Journal of WTO & International Health Law and Policy 18 (2023): 397–422.
  8. Lee, T.-L. “Realising the Right to Participate in Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response and Beyond.” BMJ Global Health 8(1) (2023): e011689. (SCI; JIF 7.1; top 5%; 20/403)
  9. Lee, T.-L. “Taiwan and the 2005 IHR: Covid-19 and the Evolving Landscape of Global Health.” Chinese (Taiwan) Yearbook of International Law and Affairs 40 (2023): 213–224. (Invited Contribution)
  10. Lee, T.-L. “The Rise of Technocracy and the Covid-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Courts, Human Rights and the Protection of the Vulnerable Populations.” German Law Journal 22(6) (2021): 1115–1132.
  11. Lee, T.-L. “Covid-19 Vaccination Certificates and Their Geopolitical Discontents.” European Journal of Risk Regulation 2(2) (2021): 321–331.
  12. Lee, T.-L. “The 2005 International Health Regulations: Taiwan, Compliance and the Exclusion Paradox.” Asian Journal of WTO & International Health Law and Policy 16(1) (2021): 1–24.
  13. Lee, T.-L. “Legal Preparedness as Part of COVID-19 Response: The First 100 Days in Taiwan.” BMJ Global Health 5 (2020): e002608. (SCI; JIF 7.1; top 5%; 20/403)
  14. Lee, T.-L. “Global Health in a Turbulent Time: A Commentary.” Asian Journal of WTO & International Health Law and Policy 15(1) (2020): 27–60.
  15. Lee, T.-L. “Two Minutes to Midnight: What International Law Can Do about Genome Editing.” Asian Journal of WTO & International Health Law and Policy 14(1) (2019): 227–265.
  16. Lee, T.-L. “Making International Health Regulations Work: Lessons from the 2014 Ebola Outbreak.” Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 49 (2016): 931–981. (W&L ranking: top 5, international law category)
  17. Lee, T.-L., and Sawai, T. “Global Governance of Human Brain Organoid Research and Applications: A Role for the World Health Organization?” Molecular Psychology: Brain, Behavior, and Society 2(11) (2023).
  18. Kataoka, M., Lee, T.-L., and Sawai, T. “The Legal Personhood of Human Brain Organoids.” Journal of Law and the Biosciences 10(1) (2023): 1–13. (SSCI; JIF 2.5; rank 4.3%)
  19. Lal, A., Abdalla, S. M., Chattu, V. K., Erondu, N. A., Lee, T.-L., Singh, S., Abou-Taleb, H., Vega Morales, J., and Phelan, A. “Pandemic Preparedness and Response: Exploring the Role of Universal Health Coverage within the Global Health Security Architecture.” The Lancet Global Health 10 (2022): e1675–e1683. (SSCI; JIF 19; top 1.5%; 6/403)
  20. Sawai, T., Hayashi, Y., Niikawa, T., Shepherd, J., Thomas, E., Lee, T.-L., Erler, A., Watanabe, M., and Sakaguchi, H. “Mapping the Ethical Issues of Brain Organoid Research and Application.” AJOB Neuroscience 13 (2022): 81–94.
  21. Lee, T.-L., and Lysaght, T. “Conditional Approvals for Autologous Stem Cells: Conflicting Norms, Social Inequalities and Institutional Legitimacy.” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 61(1) (2018): 59–75.
  22. Lee, T.-L., Lysaght, T., Hendl, T., Munsie, M., and Stewart, C. “Regulating the Stem Cell Industry: Needs and Responsibilities.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 95(9) (2017). https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.16.189977. (SSCI; JIF 11.1; top 5.7%; 12/207)
  23. Lee, T.-L., and Lysaght, T. “Adaptive Pathways Regulations for Stem Cells: Accelerating Access to Medicine or Deregulating Access to Markets.” SCRIPTed 14 (2017): 81.
  24. Lee, T.-L., and Huang, J.-W. “The Right to Health during the Pandemic: The Case of Taiwan.” The Journal of Science and Health Law 27(2) (2022): 47–77.
  25. Labude, M., and Lee, T.-L. “Competencies of Member States Concerned and of Ethics Committees to Assess Trial Applications under the New EU Clinical Trials Regulation.” European Journal of Risk Regulation (2017): 178–185.
  26. Lysaght, T., Lee, T.-L., Watson, S., Lederman, Z., Bailey, M., and Tambyah, P. A. “Zika in Singapore: Insights from One Health and Social Medicine.” Singapore Medical Journal 57(10) (2016): 528–529.
  27. Lee, T.-L. “Book Review (Reviewing B. Harcourt, Exposed: Desire and Disobedience in the Digital Age (2015)).” European Journal of Risk Regulation 7(2) (2016): 463–465.
  28. Lee, T.-L. “Dissecting Non-Communicable Diseases Policies: Why International Human Rights Are Relevant in the Current Regulatory State.” Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 106 (2012): 260–261.



II. Book Chapter

  • Tsung-Ling Lee, Governing Neurotechnology Globally: Between Norms Fragmentation and Coherence, in Neurolaw: legal impacts of Neurotechnology, Editors: Ana Maria D'Ávila Lopes (University of Fortaleza / Brazil),  Keigo Komamura (Keio University  / Japan) and Sebastian Smart (Anglia Ruskin University / England), CH 7, 91-106, Livraria do Advogado (Brazil) (2025) Link

  • Calvin Wai-Loon Ho & Tsung-Ling Lee, Global Governance of Anti-microbial resistance: A Legal and Regulatory Toolkit, Ethics and Antimicrobial Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health, Editors: Euzebiusz Jamrozik and Michael Selgelid, CH. 25, 401-419 (2020).  

    III. Invited Lectures (selected)

  • Beyond Siracusa: Embedding a Human Rights Framework in Public Health Emergency Responses, CAPE Lecture, Center for Applied Philosophy and Ethics, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, June 3, 2025​​​​​​​
  • Governing Neurotechnology Globally: Between Norms Fragmentation and Coherence, Academic Sinca Institute of European and American Studies, Taiwan, May 27, 2025 (with invitation) 
  • ​​​​Non-State Actors and Digital Health Surveillance: A Legal Quandary, The New Horizons of Global, European and Comparative Health Law, Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, Germany. 2-3 December 2024 (with invitation) 
  • Is Global Health Law in Crises? Opportunities and Challenges, The 58th Otago University Foreign Policy School. St Margaret’s College, The University of Otago, 28-30 June 2024 (with invitation)
  • Emerging Technologies, Social Changes, and Legal Innovation, Asian Law Schools Association, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Law, December 2-3, 2023.

  • Conference: The New Generation of Economic Agreements, 8th Asian International Economic Law Network (AIELN), the Asian Center for WTO & International Health Law and Policy (ACWH) of National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Law and the Asian International Economic Law Network  (AIELN) – the Asian Branch of the Society of International Economic Law (SIEL), College of Law, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, December 4, 2023.

  • Governing Genome Editing: Technocracy and the Public, Hiroshima University, November 7, 2023

  • Digital Health and (In)justice: Power and Health Inequalities, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, October 26, 2023.

  • The 26th Annual Meeting of the Korean Society for Brain and Neural Sciences, Bexco, Busan, South Korea, September 6-8, 2023. 

  • Legal issues pertaining to human brain organoid research, Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues of Human Brain Organoid Research and Application, Inamori Hall, Kyoto University, December 2, 2022.


    IV. Reports, blogs and others 

  • Signatory, The Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Public Health Emergencies, University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper No.14/2023, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4454622, May 21, 2023.

  • Visibly Invisible: Taiwan and  Global Health, Think Global Health, August 22, 2022.

  • Moving Beyond a State-Centric Pandemic Preparedness Paradigm: A Call for Action, Alicia Ely Yamin, Joelle Grogan and Pedro Villarreal (eds.), International Pandemic Lawmaking: Conceptual and Practical Issues Report (Petrie-Flom Center and Max Planck Institute, November 2021), available at https://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/resources/article/international- pandemic-lawmaking

  • Submission to the Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response, Paper submitted to the World Health Organization's Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response, 2021.

  • Fighting the Pandemic Taiwan’s Way, With Digital Innovation, ISPI, 19 April 2021. 

  • When Technocracy Replaces Democracy, Policy Forum, 9 August, 2021.

  • Moving Beyond a State-Centric Pandemic Preparedness Paradigm: A Call for Action, Bill of Health, 27 September 2021.

  • Burci, Gian Luca, Fukuda-Parr, Sakiko, Gross, Aeyal, Lee, Tsung-Ling; Grogan, Joelle: Webinar: Beyond the State – Global Health Governance, VerfBlog, September 22, 2021  https://verfassungsblog.de/webinar-beyond-the-state-global-health-governance/

    Research Gate:  https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tsung-Ling-Lee
    Global Health Law Consortium: https://globalhealthlawconsortium.org/members/

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